Corneal Ulcer

Corneal UlcerSynonyms and Related KeywordsBacterial keratitis, Fungal keratitis, Acanthamoeba keratitis, Herpes simplex keratitis, corneal infection, open sore on the cornea, contact lenses, contact lens wearers, ulcerative keratitisWhat is corneal ulcer ? A corneal ulcer is an erosion or open sore in the outer layer of the cornea the clear structure overlying the iris (which is the colored part of your eye). It is common associated with infection...

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Hormones

Hypothalamic and Hypophyseal HormonesThe endocrine system is controlled by the brain. Nerve cells of the hypothalamussynthesize and release messenger substances that regulate adenohypophyseal(AH) hormone release or are themselves secreted into the body ashormones. The latter comprise the socalled neurohypophyseal (NH) hormones.The axonal processes of hypothalamic neurons project to the neurohypophysis,where they store the nonapeptides vasopressin...

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Antibacterial Drugs

Antibacterial DrugsDrugs for Treating Bacterial InfectionsWhen bacteria overcome the cutaneousor mucosal barriers and penetrate bodytissues, a bacterial infection is present.Frequently the body succeeds in removingthe invaders, without outward signsof disease, by mounting an immune response.If bacteria multiply faster thanthe body’s defenses can destroy them,infectious disease develops with inflammatorysigns, e.g., purulent wound infectionor urinary tract infection. Appropriatetreatment employs substancesthat injure bacteria and thereby preventtheir...

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Antifungal Drugs

Drugs Used in the Treatment ofFungal InfectionsInfections due to fungi are usually confinedto the skin or mucous membranes:local or superficial mycosis. However, inimmune deficiency states, internal organsmay also be affected: systemic ordeep mycosis.Mycoses are most commonly due todermatophytes, which affect the skin,hair, and nails following external infection.Candida albicans, a yeast organismnormally found on body surfaces, maycause infections of mucous membranes,less frequently of the skin or internal organswhen natural defenses are impaired(immunosuppression,...

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Antiviral Drugs

Chemotherapy of Viral InfectionsViruses essentially consist of geneticmaterial (nucleic acids, green strands in(A) and a capsular envelope made up ofproteins (blue hexagons), often with acoat (gray ring) of a phospholipid (PL)bilayer with embedded proteins (smallblue bars). They lack a metabolic systembut depend on the infected cell for theirgrowth and replication. Targeted therapeuticsuppression of viral replicationrequires selective inhibition of thosemetabolic processes that specificallyserve viral replication in infected cells.To date, this...

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